Caracterización de los componentes óseos de la articulación temporomandibular: una revisión de la literatura / Characterization of bone components of the temporomandibular joint: a literature review

La articulación temporomandibular (ATM) es una articulación sinovial bilateral de tipo ginglimo-artroidal que anatómicamente está conformada por el cóndilo mandibular, fosa mandibular y tubérculo articular. Es necesario tener un acabado conocimiento de la anatomía de la ATM para una correcta comprensión de su funcionamiento. La descripción anatómica de las estructuras óseas presente en la literatura científica, y que componen la ATM, no es del todo exacta, con diversas diferencias sobre la delimitación del cóndilo mandibular, las fisuras presentes en la fosa mandibular y las superficies articulares de la fosa mandibular y tubérculo articular, así como una amplia variabilidad de términos para referirse a cada estructura anatómica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de textos y artículos científicos sobre la descripción anatómica de los componentes óseos de la ATM y los términos para referirse a ellos, comparándolos con los términos establecidos por la Terminología Anatómica Internacional.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ginglymus-arthrodial bilateral synovial joint, anatomically composed by the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa and articular tubercle. It is necessary to have a perfect knowledge of the anatomy of the TMJ for a proper understanding of its function. The anatomical description of bony structures of the TMJ present in the scientific literature is not entirely accurate, with several differences on the delimitation of the mandibular condyle, the limits of the articular surfaces, the fissures present in the mandibular fossa. In addition, there is a wide variability of terms for each anatomical structure. A review of textbooks and scientific articles was performed, about the anatomical description of the bony components of the TMJ and terms to refer to them, compared with the terms established by the Anatomical Terminology.

Pneumatization of the temporal portion of the zygomatic arch: The contribution of computed tomography to the reconstruction in volumetric two‑dimensional and three‑dimensional, with the aid of image rendering protocols.

Pneumatization refers to the asymptomatic development of cavities containing air within them. There is great variability in the extent of temporal bone pneumatization. Nevertheless, in a few cases it extends to the zygomatic process. Images are presented in which the panoramic radiograph and hypocycloidal tomography reveal this variation from the norm, to which professionals must be alert, since the images may simulate the presence of pathology. In this case report we describe the presence of pneumatization of the petrous and zygomatic portions of the temporal bone, demonstrating the contribution of CT to reconstruction in volumetric 2D and 3D, with the aid of image rendering protocols.